Electrostatic printing system

ABSTRACT

An electrostatic printing apparatus wherein photoconductive elements are individually movable through process stations for charging, exposing and developing an electrostatic image, and wherein the photoconductive element is fed through a process buffer means between each of the stations so that asynchronous operation results. A plurality of the photoconductive elements with the electrostatic image are cycled a predetermined number of times through the development and transfer stations at a higher rate so that multiple copies can be printed from a single image deposition for each of the photoconductive elements without slowing the operation of the other parts of the system.

United States Patent Banks et al.

ELECTROSTATIC PRINTING SYSTEM Inventors: Willard K. Banks, Cupertino; James L. Lyon, Los Gatos, both of Calif.

Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation, Armonk,N.Y.

Filed: April 5, 1971 Appl. No.: 131,311

Us. (:1 ...355/16, 355/14 1m. 01. ..G03g 15/00 Field of Search ..355/3, 14, 16, 17

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 5/1963 Crumrine et al ..95/ 12.5 X 6/1969 Hirsch ..355/14 11/1968 Robertson et al. ..355/3 3/1970 Maloney et al ..355/l4 Primary Examiner-John M. l-loran Assistant Examiner-Alan A. Mathews Attorney-Hamlin & Jancin and Otto Schmid, Jr.

[5 7] ABSTRACT An electrostatic printing apparatus wherein photoconductive elements are individually movable through process stations for charging, exposing and developing an electrostatic image, and wherein the photoconductive element is fed through a process buffer means between each of the stations so that asynchronous operation results. A plurality of the photoconductive elements with the electrostatic image are cycled a predetermined number of times through the development and transfer stations at a higher rate so that multiple copies can be printed from a single image deposition for each of the photoconductive elements without slowing the operation of the other parts of the system.

18 Claims, 12 Drawing Figures Patented Sept. 12,1912 3,690,760 7 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 FUSE PHOTOCONDUOTOR PATH PAPER PATH MULTl-COPY LOOP (TRANSFER ONLY) DEVELOP 404 N, CHARGE A SHEET EXPOSE A SHEET PROG XPOS A LINE DEC mm FIG. 3

406 402 g l CLOCK & in CONTROL CONTROL CIRCl JITS [N TORJ WILL K. BANKS JAM ES L. LYON AI'IORNtY Patented Sept. 12, 1972 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 ill Patented Sept. 12, 1972 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 FIG. 5

Pmmd Sept. 12,1972 3,690,760

5 Sheets-Sheet 5 n @360 T2 -1seb T3 -1se T4 -436d Llil, Ll L l BEXP, L T4 EXP, I480 {48b 1486 448d cum I RUN u 46in 46m 6+6 P 17 r [I# 45s1 |A 155D ITIFLMC CLOCK L SR1 SR2 I SR3 I RESET I I I SHIFT SET FIG. 11

couunzm coumeaz coumERs' COUNTER4' CTR 40:45 I CTRZONE l CTR a 0M; Qm 40m 449 14% 449C 149d smr r40 SLOT 74b SLOT 14 SLOT 14d STEP cm A450 4 15b 145c c s c NIH I I I I 430 AFI 4451) A 445C A SLOT 14; SLOT 74b 1 SLOT 14 :I SLOT OPEN FIG. 12

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to electrostatic printing apparatus and more particularly to apparatus for asynchronously moving a photoconductive element through processing stations so that multiple copies can be printed from asingle image deposition.

Prior art printing and copying apparatus normally uses continuous photoconductors in the form ofdrums or belts with the processing stations spaced along the surfaces of the photoconductors. The process by nature is continuous and synchronous and this operation produces one copy per cycle. Due to the synchronous operation, this apparatus does not permit individual process speeds within the total process to be tailored for optimum operation. In addition, the photoconductor has a limited life due to the continuous cycle of charging and cleaning the photoconductive surface. It is therefore the major object of this invention to provide apparatus which utilizes individually movable photoconductive elements in its operation.

It is another object of this invention to provide apparatus in which the station-to-station operation is asynchronous so that individual process stations can be tailored for optimum operation.

' SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Briefly, according to the invention, there is provided electrostatic printing apparatus which utilizes individually movable photoconductive elements which are moved through the process stations on an asynchronous basis to charge, expose and develop an electrostatic image on the photosensitive member with each of these operations being separated by process buffer means wherein the photosensitive member can be temporarily stored. A plurality of the photosensitive members with the electrostatic image can be processed multiple cycles at a higher speed through the developing and transfer stations to provide multiple copies of the image without slowing the throughput of the system.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF TI-IEDRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view showing the possible paths of the photosensitive element through the printing apparatus;

FIG. 2 is a side diagrammatic viewof the printing apparatus comprising the invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of control means 100 of the machine-of FIG. 2; i 6

FIG. 4 is a view showing the apparatus for pickup of the photosensitive element from one of the process buffer means;

FIG. 5 is a view showing ingreater detail the means for moving the photosensitive elements along the transport path; and

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of drum member 62 showing the mounting of control members;

FIG. 7 is anenlarged view of the means for loading and retaining a sheet on drum member 62;

FIG. 8 is an alternate embodiment for the exposure station utilizing flash exposure;

FIG. 9 is a schematic block diagram of the controls circuits for the printing apparatus;

FIG. 10 is a schematic block diagram of the control circuits-for shift register 138;

FIG. 11 is a schematic block diagram of the control circuits for timing means 136;

FIG. 12 is a schematic block diagram of the control circuits for counting means 140.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENT The electrostatic printing apparatus comprising the invention utilizes individually movable photosensitive elements. The movement of the sheets through the machine is controlled by a plurality of electromagnetic control means which are selectively energizable to select the proper mechanical device to perform the programmed printing function in the machine. A control means is provided to develop electrical signals to selectively actuate the electromagnetic control means according to both programmed functions and control signalsfrom the mechanical devices.

Referring to FIG. 1 of the drawings, the printer comprises supply buffer A which holds a sufficient supply of sheets. Upon demand, a sheet or sheets are withdrawn and passed through a sensitizing station, CHARGE, at a relatively constant velocity to produce a uniform charge on the sheet, then to a holding station at buffer B. Subsequently a charged sheet is brought to the EX- POSE' station for exposure to selectively discharge areas of the sheet to form a latent electrostatic image on the sheet of the image to be printed. The exposure operation may be either continuous or incremented as the application requires. Once through the EXPOSE station, the sheet with the'latent image proceeds either to a holding station at buffer C, or is recycled back along the recharge loop to supply buffer A if required for any reason. From buffer C the exposed photoconductor proceeds to the DEVELOP and TRANSFER stations. Here the latent image is developed andtransferred to a copy sheet after which the image is permanently fixed to the sheet at the FUSE station. At this point multiple copies can be made by recycling the exposed photoconductor back through the DEVELOP- TRANSFER station as many times as there are copies required. The process speed at this station may be faster than that at the previous or subsequent stations. Once the desired number of copies are produced, the photoconductive sheet is transferred through the CLEAN and ERASE stations back to the supply buffer A for subsequent reuse.

A plurality of electrical signals is generated in the machine and sent to control means to permit the electrical control signals to be synchronized with the mechanical movement of the sheets through the machine. Control means 100 may comprise any suitable device for supplying control signals to perform the desired functions in accordance with the desired printing functions and the output from the sensing means located throughout the processing stations of the machine. Control means 100 may comprise the processor of an electronic data processing system if desired. The printer may also be operated as a stand-alone unit, in which case the machine would have its own control circuitry built in to cycle the machine through the desired steps to performthe processing function of the machine.

Referring to the embodiment of the invention shown in the drawings, the electrostatic printing apparatus utilizes individually movable photosensitive element 20, a plurality of which are mounted in a supply process buffer means 22. The process buffer means 22 and other components of the printer are mounted on suitable support means 21, 23 at either side to provide a relatively open central area to facilitate the unimpeded movement of photosensitive elements 20 through the process stations of the printer. A selectively operable transport means 24 is utilized for moving the photosensitive element 20 from the supply buffer through a charging station 26 to place a uniform charge on the photosensitive member as it moves through the charging station to a second process buffer means 28. Transport means 24 as well as other transport means in the system is provided motive power from a drive means 25 such as a motor, For example, through suitable belts or gears (shown by dashed lines in the drawings). A second selectively actuable transport means 30 is provided to move the photosensitive element through an exposure station 32 to expose the photosensitive element to a light image to produce a latent electrostatic image on the photosensitive element 20. Transport means 30 is disposed to deposit photosensitive element 20 in a third process buffer means 34 preparatory to developing the electrostatic image. In the event that the photosensitive element is not to be used for the production of an image, a reject buffer means 36 is provided to temporarily store the photosensitive element 20 preparatory to moving element 20 through an erase station 38 by return transport means 48 to supply process buffer means 22 for reuse in the printing apparatus. A third transport means 40 is provided to move photosensitive element 20 through a predetermined number of cycles through a developing station 42 and a transfer station 44 to produce the predetermined number of copies. At each of these cycles the electrostatic image is made visible by the deposition of a development material commonly called toner which adheres to the photosensitive element 20 and an electric field is provided at transfer station 44 which facilitates the transfer of the developer material to a printing sheet 46 upon which the finished copy is produced. After the predetermined number of copies have been produced, photosensitive element 20 is moved by an eject transport means 47 for temporary storage in return bufier means 49. Sheets are positioned for movement by return transport means 48 through a cleaning station 50 where any remaining particles of the developer material is removed. The sheet is then moved through the erase station 38 where any remaining electrostatic charge is discharged, and the sheet is then returned to supply process buffer means 22 for reuse in the printing apparatus.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 the control means 100 for the machine comprises a storage means 102, a program decoder 104, clock and cycle control means 106 and control circuitry 108 to develop electrical signals to control electromagnets in the machine to perform the desired function. In the case where the processor of an electronic data processing system is used to control the machine, the first three stated elements of the control means are normally present and the instructions are included as part of the stored program. In the case where the machine is operated as a stand-alone unit, the storage device may comprise any suitable device capable of exhibiting two stable states such as a magnetic core storage system, an array of electronic bistable devices or any other memory device having the operating speed and capability necessary for j the described operations. One type of control device suitable for use with the system is the type known as a read only memory. This device is designed for programming in a predetermined manner dependent upon the control manifestations entered into the memory at the start of operations. Cycling means are provided to read out sequential program steps to an external temporary storage device such as a register wherein a bit position of the register is coupled to control a particular electromagnet.

To make the printer ready to process data, a manually actuated start key is depressed to energize the start-up circuits. During start-up all sheets are returned to the supply buffer and all devices which require a specified time for reaching operating condition are made ready for operation. At the end of this time a sufficient number of sheets are charged so that the machine is then ready to run. Further operationsof the machine are then controlled by program instructions which specify the operations to be performed on the sheets as they are moved through the process stations of the machine. The basic instructions for controlling the machine are CHARGE A SHEET, EXPOSE A SHEET, EXPOSE A LINE and PRINT N COPIES. In a CHARGE A SHEET instruction, a sheet from the supply buffer is moved past a charging device such as a corona discharge device so that a uniform charge is provided over the surface of the sheet. In an EXPOSE A SHEET instruction, a charged sheet is removed from the charge buffer and moved into position to expose an image on the sheet and the sheet is moved from the expose transport to the develop buffer. In an EXPOSE A LINE instruction, the expose drive is energized to move the sheet in position for having a line exposed. This operation is continued until a sheet is completed, at which time the sheet is ejected to the develop buffer. In a PRINT N COPIES instruction, the sheet is placed on a device which takes the sheets successively past a develop station and a transfer station at which point the developed image is transferred to a copy sheet to which the image is permanently fused as it is moved through a fusing station. The sheet is moved repetitively through these steps for N-cycles and the sheet is then ejected to the return transport. The sheet is then moved through the erase and cleaning stations as the sheet is moved in the return transport back to the supply buffer for further use in the machine.

Photosensitive element 20 may be any suitable device which can be selectively moved through stations of the process. In the embodiment of the invention shown in the drawings, the photosensitive element 20 comprises a flexible sheet of photoconductive material the length and width of which is somewhat greater than the maximum size of the desired output copy image. The element has fixed across one end an elongated support member 54 which extends outward from the edge of the sheet and terminates in enlarged end portions 56. A support member 58 is fixed to the bottom of the sheet and extends a relatively small distance beyond the edges of the sheet. Support 58 produces substantial rigidity in the lateral direction and also provides enough mass to the photosensitive sheet so that the sheets hang substantially vertically in the process buffer means.

The process buffer means has a capacity for storing a plurality of photosensitive elements 20. Any suitable device can be utilized which is operable to store the photosensitive elements and permit the selection of one photosensitive element at a time on demand from the process control circuits. In the embodiment of the invention, shown in the drawings, the process buffer means comprises a pair of spaced inclined rail members 52. Rail members 52 are spaced a distance sufficient for end portions 56 of support member 54 to extend outside the rail members thereby laterally positioning the photosensitive sheet so that the sheet can be moved throughout the process stations without interference from the apparatus comprising the process buffer means or the associated transport means.

To insure that a sufficient quantity of the photosensitive sheets are present in the machine before the start of an operation, a sensing means 65 is provided. In the embodiment shown in the drawings, sensing means 65 comprises a micro switch which is attached to side rail 52 of buffer means 22 so that end portion 56 of photosensitive element contacts the operative portion of the micro switch to generate an electrical signal which denotes to the control circuit that buffer 22 is loaded with a sufficient number of sheets.

Transport means 24 is provided for transporting the photosensitive sheet from supply buffer 22 past the charging station 26. The embodiment of transport means 24 shown in the drawings comprises a chain and sprocket drive which has suitable placed gripper means for engaging support member 54 of the lowermost sheet in buffer means 22 and moving the sheet past the charging station to buffer means 28. A charging operation is initiated by an electrical signal CHARGE A SHEET which is coupled to energize a single revolution clutch 66 to transmit power from the device motor to sprocket 67 which is meshed with chain 68. Two sets of gripper means 69 are mounted at opposite points on chain 68 and these gripper means are operative to engage support means 54 of the sheet. At the start of a cycle of driving motion of clutch 66 one of the gripper means 69 is positioned to pick up a sheet from buffer means 22 and the other gripper means 69 is positioned to discharge a sheet into butter means 28. A fixed cam means 70 is provided which cams movable gripper jaw 7 1 from stationary gripper bar 72 so that gripper jaw 71 extends in the hopper means to engage the sheet (shown as full line position in FIGS. 4 and 5). As the gripper means moves past the lower end of the buffer, the sheet is engaged by the gripper means to move the sheet in a vertical path past charging station 26 so that uniform charge is produced across the surface of the photosensitive sheet due to the constant velocity drive provided by transport means 24. A second fixed cam means 70 is provided at the upper end of the transport so that the gripper means releases the charged sheet and gravity moves the sheet into buffer. means 28. When no sheet is in gripper means 69 the movable jaw 71 is spring biased to the dotted position shown in FIG. 5. Solenoid actuated cam means 70 are located in the inoperative position shown dotted in FIG. 5 when the solenoid is not energized. When the solenoid is actuated the cam means is moved to the operative position which is shown in full line in FIG. 5.

Process buffer means 28 is similar in construction to process buffer means 22; however, since photosensitive sheets 20 are utilized on demand, the capacity of this buffer is not as great since it is usually necessary to store only a few charged photosensitive elements at a time to meet the demands of the process. A large number of photosensitive materials are known which are suitable for use in constructing sheets 20. The characteristics of the materials vary widely and the characteristics are subject to trade-offs to obtain the best combination of characteristics for the particular application. One limitation in the characteristics which may be present is a decay with time of the electrostatic charge, the rate of which depends upon the construction of the photosensitive sheet. To provide control over the number of charged sheets and the elapsed time that the sheetshave been charged, a sensing means is provided. In the embodiment of the invention shown in the drawing, the sensing means comprises a micro switch 73 mounted on the side of the rails of buffer means 28 adjacent each of the sheets and positioned so that end portion 56 of the sheets will energize the switches to generate an electrical signal which designates to the control circuit that the corresponding sheet is present. To provide control over the time the sheet has been charged, a shift register is provided with a number of stages equal to the number of sensing switches 73 provided. Each time one of switches 73 is actuated the shift register is actuated to shift one position and a timing device is provided for each sheet to determine the time that the sheet has been charged. In the event that the predetermined time elapses before the sheet is exposed, transport means 30 is actuated along with eject means 84 to transport the sheet to reject buffer means 36 for return to the supply buffer 22 for reuse in the printer.

Transport means 30 is provided for moving a charged sheet through the exposure station to produce a light image on the sheet which is operable to selectively discharge the electrostatic charge on the photosensitive element to produce an electrostatic image. In the embodiment of the invention shown in the drawings, transport means 30 comprises a chain and sprocket drive which is selectively controllable to provide either continuous or incremental motion of the photosensitive sheet past the exposure station. This control is provided by a stepping motor drive.,The stepping motor drive is operable to produce one increment of motion in response to an electrical signal or to produce continuous drive in response to a continuous series of electrical signals. The type of driving motion past the exposure station is dependent upon the type of exposure desired. The exposure station shown in FIG. 2 comprises a lens coupled cathode ray tube 33. In this case, it is desired to expose the sheet to successive images of lines of printing coupled from the cathode ray tube 33 so that in this case an incremental drive is utilized. The embodiment of the exposure station shown in FIG. 8 comprises a flash exposure station. In this case, the sheet is moved to the proper exposure position and then stopped. The exposure is made by a suitable light source 89 such as a flash lamp which is directed through condenser lens 90 to the micro image means 91 such as a microfilm slide for example. The image is projected by projection lens 92 and mirror 93 to the sheet being held at the exposure station. The sheet is removed through the remainder of the exposure station where the sheet is ejected into buffer means 34.

Transport means 40 is provided to selectively move the sheet from process buffer means 34 through developing station 42 and transfer station 44. Developing station 42 may comprise any suitable means for rendering the latent image on sheet 20 visible. One suitable developing apparatus is a magnetic brush developer apparatus. A finely divided colored material commonly called toner is intermixed with and deposited on more coarsely divided iron filings. The toner and iron filings are electrostatically charged with respect to each other by triboelectric charging. The iron filings coated with toner are placed in a magnetic field and the filing form streamers extending along the magnetic lines of force constituting a brush-like mass. By rotating the magnet field producing means near the surface of the sheet 20, the magnetic brush is placed in contact with and drawn across the surface bearing the electrostatic image. As the brush crosses an area of the image surface having an electrostatic charge, the charge on the surface exerts a greater attraction for the toner than the iron filings, thereby retaining a portion of the toner and separating it from the iron filings. As portions of the toner are electrostatically withdrawn from the brush, means are provided for replenishing the toner or for constantly exchanging the used iron filings for fresh filings coated with toner.

The sheet bearing the toned image is moved to the transfer station where suitable transfer apparatus is utilized to transfer the toned image to a copy member. In the embodiment shown, the transfer apparatus comprises a conductive roll 59 which feeds printing sheet 46 adjacent to sheet 20. A charge is placed on roll 59 by power supply V of sufficient magnitude and of a sign opposite to the charge holding the toned image to sheet 20 so that the toned image is attracted to printing sheet 46. As is known in the art, the voltage V on roll 59 is chosen to prevent distortion of the electrostatic image pattern on sheet 20 so that multiple copies of the image can be obtained. The image is then fused to printing sheet 46 (by means not shown) and the printed output is fed to output hopper means 57.

In the embodiment of the invention shown in the drawings, transport means 40 comprises a drum member 62which is utilized to remove the photosensitive sheet from process buffer means 34 under control of a proper electrical signal from the control circuits. Drum member 62 is provided with a slot 74 to receive the leading edge of photosensitive element 20 and a second slot 75 to receive the trailing edge of element 20.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 2 and 7, the apparatus for loading a sheet on drum member 62 comprises an electromagnet 41 on each side of the sheet positioned to push support member 54 of the sheet into leading edge slot 74 when electromagnet 41 is energized so that the support member 54 is retained in slot 74 by a spring retainer means 39. The remainder of the sheet is drawn along by the drum and the trailing edge of the sheet follows guide members 37 which are spaced so that any contact with sheet 20 is in the nonimage areas. The trailing edge of the sheet follows the curvature of guide 37 so that the bottom support member 58 is forced into trailing end slot 75 and retained there by spring retainer means 43.

In the embodiment shown, four sets of slots 74a-d, 75a-d are provided so that four photosensitive elements 20 can be mounted on drum 62 simultaneously to produce a predetermined number of copies of the image stored upon photosensitive element 20. A sensing means is provided to determine whether a particular slot is filled as the slot approaches the sheets in buffer means 34. In the embodiment shown, the sensing means comprises a plurality of microswitches suitably mounted to the support means 21, 23. Microswitch 63 is mounted to sense the presence of end portions 56 of photosensitive element 20 in a slot 74 of drum member 62. When an element 20 is not present the switch remains open and an open switch at the sensing time causes an electrical signal SLOT OPEN to be generated. A set of microswitches 76a-d is mounted on the support means in a position to be operated by projections 77. In the embodiment shown, each of projections 77a-d is radially positioned on drum 62 aligned with one of the switches 76 so that the designation of the approaching slot can be determined. In this manner, a particular sheet can be identified as being in a particular slot.

One counter is provided for each slot and when it is determined that, for example, sheet Y is in slot A, the number of copies of sheet Y is set in the counter associated with slot A. The count can be maintained in a hardware counter or the count can be maintained by the associated computer when the printer is operated as part of a data processing system. In the embodiment shown, each time the microswitch 76 is energized for a particular slot, the associated counter is decremented by one count. When the count reaches one, a signal is generated which is operable to eject the photosensitive element 20 after the next transfer operation is completed for that slot. Photosensitive element 20 is then picked up by eject transport means 47 which is operative to move the sheet to return buffer means 49.

The apparatus for ejecting a sheet from drum member 62 comprises eject means 84' which is actuated by a rotary solenoid 45. When solenoid 45 is deenergized, eject means 84 is in the lower dotted position (FIG. 2). When solenoid 45 is energized, eject means is moved from the lower dotted position to the upper dotted position and eject means 84 is returned to its original position when solenoid 45 is deenergized. The energization of solenoid 45 is timed so that eject means 84' reaches the upper position when a gripper means is in position to receive the sheet.

Eject transport means 47 is similar in construction to the other transport means; however, the speed of transport means 47 is synchronized with the speed of drum 62 so that sheets can be removed from the drum without slowing the overall operation of the printer. The speed of drum 62 is normally greater than the transport speeds up to that point due to the requirement for producing multiple copies. The speed chosen for drum 62 is dependent on the projected number of copies to be produced, the characteristics of the materials to be used, and the number of sheets that can be mounted on drum 62 at the same time. In a particular application the speed of drum 62 was chosen at three times the average transport rate for the charge and expose transport means so that the average number of multiple copies can be made without appreciably slowing the overall process.

Return transport means 48 is provided to move photosensitive elements from return buffer means 49 and reject buffer means 36 to supply process buffer means 22 for reuse in the system. In the embodiment of the invention shown in the drawings, return transport means comprises a chain and sprocket drive which utilizes a plurality of gripper means 69 spaced on the chain member for picking up sheets from return buffer means 49 and reject buffer means 36. Return buffer means 49 comprises a pair of rail members 51 spaced to receive sheets 20. A spring member 53 is mounted over rail member 51 and spaced to permit free movement of the support members 54 to a position at which curved end portion 55 of spring member 53 stops the sheet. The sheet is then in position to be picked up by gripper means 69 on transport means 48. Cam means 70 is mounted to open gripper means 69 so that a sheet is picked up as end portion 55 is deflected out of the path of the sheet. End portion 55 then retains the next sheet in a position to be picked up by the next gripper means on transport means 48. The sheets which are picked up from buffer means 49 are moved through cleaning station 50 to remove any remaining developer particles. In the embodiment shown, cleaning station 50 comprises a rotating brush which is operative to remove the developer particles since guide means 78 functions to position the sheet close to the rotating brush. The developer particles removed in the cleaning station are collected for disposal.

To insure that sheets in the buffer means 36 do not interfere with sheets already being returned by transport means 48, a sensing means is provided to sense whether approaching gripper means already carry a sheet 20. When an empty gripper approaches, the loading means is actuated to permit one sheet 20 to move to position to be picked up by the approaching gripper means. In the embodiment shown, the sensing means comprises a microswitch means 85 mounted in a position so that the switch is operated by an end portion 56 of the sheet to close one contact and to close a second contact'by the presence of the gripper means. Thus, loading means 86 is activated when only the gripper contact is closed to move one sheet 20 to the position to be picked up by the approaching gripper. A cam means is moved into position to open the gripper means to pick up the sheet. In the embodiment of the invention shown in the drawings, loading means 86 comprises a pivoted arm 79 mounted for movement by solenoid 83. A sheet 20 is retained in position by spring member 87, and the sheet is moved into position to be picked up by a gripper means. The end portion of arm 79 prevents a second sheet 20 in buffer means 36 from interfering with the pick-up of the sheet. The sheet is transported through erase station 38, and guide means 81 positions the sheet for movement through the erase station 38. The erase station may comprise a fluorescent lamp and this lamp is operable to remove any remaining electrostatic charge from the photosensitive sheet prior to the sheet being returned to supply process buffer 22 for reuse in the system. An eject means 84" and a fixed cam means are utilized to eject the sheets into return guides 61 for return to supply process buffer means 22 for reuse in the system.

The control circuitry 108 comprises a start latch 110 which is energized by the electrical signal produced by depressing the START button of the machine. The start latch is combined in AND circuit 112 with the output of OR circuit 114 to actuate through driver 116 the stepping motor drive 118 to eject previously charged sheets from the charge buffer. This is accomplished by sensing the state of switches which form the inputs to OR circuit 114. Deflector means 120 is also energized at this time to move the sheets to the reject buffer for return to supply buffer means 22. AND circuit is utilized to position gripper means 69 in a position to pick up a sheet 20. When the start latch is on and a sheet is in the pre-develop process buffer means 34, switch 88 is actuated which conditions AND circuit 157 to actuate drum load magnets 41 through OR circuit 158 and driver 159 to place the sheet in the first open slot on drum member 62. The sheet is then ejected from drum member 62 by the signal generated by AND circuit 160 and OR circuit 161. The sheets are then returned to the supply buffer means 22. When the sheets have been returned to the supply buffer means 22, the RUN signal is generated. When the initial conditions which relate to placing the components in a status ready for operation, AND circuit 122 is actuated. The output of AND circuit 122 and OR circuit 124 provide the inputs to AND circuit 126 to actuate, through driver 128, the single revolution clutch 66 to energize the drive to charge a sheet. When all of the sheets are charged as sensed by OR circuit 124, AND circuit 126 is deconditioned and this output through inverter 130 conditions AND circuit 132 to turn on RUN latch 134. The machine then has a supply of charged sheets and is ready to execute instructions to produce a specified image.

The production of quality images is influenced by the uniformity and the level of the charge existing on the sheet 20 at the time of exposure to the image to be produced. The characteristics of the materials comprising sheets 20 are such that charge is dissipated over a period of time. For this reason it is desirable to sense the time which has elapsed since a particular sheet was charged. This is accomplished by providing a timing means 136 for each of the sheets in the charge buffer. In the embodiment shown in the drawings a supply of four charged sheets is maintained at charge buffer 28. In this case timing means 136a-d are provided to account for the time which has elapsed since the sheet was charged. The means for sensing the time comprises a shift register 138 which has a number of stages equal to the number of sheets to be charged which in the embodiment shown is four. When the first sheet is charged a l-bit is set into the first stage of the shift register by the SET signal which is generated by AND circuit 144. A clock pulse generator is provided to step timing means 136 and the timing means 136a is started when the first sheet is charged. In the event that the sheet is not exposed prior to the expiration of the predetermined time set for'timing means 136a, the sheet is ejected from the charge buffer since the charge may have deteriorated to the point that images of the desired quality can no longer be produced from that level of charge on sheet 20. When the second sheet is charged, a SHIFT signal is coupled to shift register 138 so that the one bit is present in stage 2 of the shift register. The SHIFT signal is generated during start operations by AND circuit 146 and coupled through OR circuit 147. This shift signal is connected to shift register 138 to shift the one bit by one position. The one bit signal is combined in AND circuit 135b with a clock pulse signal to start timing means 136b and the same operation is provided by AND circuits 137 and 139 with respect to the third and fourth sheets as the l-bit in shift register 138 is shifted through the register. Shift register 138 is provided with an end around carry so that a ring is produced; therefore, when the one-bit is shifted from stage 4 the l-bit is next shifted to the first stage of the shift register. During RUN operations the SHIFT signal is generated by AND circuit 133.

To execute a PRINT N COPIES instruction, the sheet is placed on a transport means which moves the sheet past develop and transfer stations to produce a copy on a suitable copy receiving means such as plain paper. If one copy is produced per cycle as in conventional systems, then the total throughput of the system would be dependent on the number of copies required. To eliminate this dependence the speed of the printing transport means is faster than the other transport means and in addition the transport means functions to process several sheets at the same time for a printing operation. In the embodiment shown, the drum member 62 has provision for four sheets and the drum speed is three times the speed of the other transport means. The number of copies is included in the instruction and a counter 140 is provided to record the number of copies of each of the sheets on drum member 62. The sheet is placed on drum member 62 by drum load magnet 41 and this magnet is energized by sensing whether a slot is open as the drum approaches the buffer. When a SLOT OPEN signal is received, the drum load mechanism 41 is actuated. At the same time the signal which designates the number of slot is sensed and a coded signal representing the count is gated to line 141. The SLOT OPEN signal and the corresponding slot signal condition the correspond ing AND circuit 143a-d so that the count on line 141 is gated to the corresponding counter 140a-d by gate l45a-d so that the number of copies can be monitored. Counters 140a-d comprise count down counters so that a count signal is provided through AND circuit l49a-d each time a slot reaches the monitoring position. When the value in the counter reaches 1, this designates that the last copy is to be made on the fol-v lowing cycle so that the eject mechanism 45 is actuated at the time when the appropriate slot is opposite the eject transport means 47. The sheet is then ejected and returned to the supply buffer means for reuse in the machine. In the embodiment shown this control is provided by AND circuits 150-153 which sense counts in counters l40a-d respectively. When a counter reaches 1 the corresponding AND circuit is conditioned and a delay 154 is timed to provide a signal through OR circuit 155 and driver 156 to operate eject magnet 45 at the time when the support means of the sheet is opposite eject transport means 47.

In the embodiment shown the control means for keeping track of the elapsed time since a sheet was charged comprises a shift register 138 which has a number of stages equal to the number of sheets to be charged. In the embodiment shown, four sheets are charged at one time; however, it will be recognized that the number could be different depending upon the process requirements and the characteristics of the materials being used. A timing means 136 is also required for each of the sheets. A clock pulse supplied by control means 106 is utilized to step timing means 136 at any suitable rate to provide a time interval of the required accuracy for the process. Both the shift register 138 and timing means 136 are reset to zero at the start of operations by a RESET signal which is generated from AND circuit 142. A I'-bit is set into the first stage of shift register 138 concurrently with the first sheet being charged by the output from AND circuit 144. The output from the first stage is combined with a clock pulse in AND circuit A to produce a signal to start timing means 136A. The subsequent clock pulse signals timing means 136A is stepped in response to the output of AND circuit 148A which senses when timing means 136A stands at a count other than zero. In the event that the time expires before the sheet is used a TIME EXPIRED signal is operative to actuate through OR circuit 163 the drive means 118 to reject the sheet. In the event that the sheet is used before the expiration of the time the corresponding timing means 136 is reset by means of AND circuits l62a-d.

While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to a preferred embodiment thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in the form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

What is claimed is:

1. An electrophotographic reproducing apparatus wherein a plurality of resilient recording members are passed through a series of process stations for producing and transferring an image for reproduction on a copy sheet comprising:

a plurality of feeding means and a plurality of processing stations arranged to form a first and a second separate processing path;

a plurality of means selectively actuable at each of said processing stations for controlling said feeding means in moving the recording members through said processing stations;

a plurality of recording member position sensing means;

program means for providing a series of signals indicative of operations to be performed on said recording members in said machine; and

electronic control means operable under coincident control of said signals from said program means and said recording member sensing means to generate signals to selectively actuate certain of said controlling means to move said recording members along the selected processing path to perform the operations specified by said program means on said recording members at the selected ones of said processing stations.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said first separate processing path includes a charging station and an exposure station and said second separate processing path includes a developing station and a transfer station.

3. The apparatus according to claim 2 wherein said charging and said exposure operations are performed asynchronously at a first speed and said developing and transfer operations are performed continuously at a second speed which is a substantially greater speed than said first speed.

4. The apparatus according to claim 2 wherein said recording members are processed through said first processing path one at a time and said recording members are processed concurrently a predetermined number of operations through said second processing path.

5. An electrophotographic reproducing apparatus wherein a resilient recording member is passed through a series of process stations for producing and transferring an image for reproduction on a copy sheet comprising:

a plurality of feeding means and a plurality of processing stations arranged to form a firstand a second separate processing path;

a plurality of means selectively actuable at each of said processing stations for controlling said feeding means in moving the recording members through said processing stations;

a plurality of recording member position sensing means;

program means for providing a series of signals indicative of operations to be performed on said recording members in said machine; and

electronic control means operable under coincident control of said signals from said program means and said recording member sensing means to generate signals to selectively actuate certain of said controlling means to sequentially move a plurality of said recording members along said first processing path to produce a predetermined electrostatic image to be copied on said recording members; and

electronic control means operable under coincident control of said signals from said program means and said recording member sensing means to generate signals to move a plurality of said recording members continuously through said second processing path a plurality of times to produce one copy of said image each time said recording member is moved through said second processing path.

6. The apparatus according to claim 5 additionally comprising signals from said program means for specifying the number of reproductions to be made of the image produced on each of said recording members;

means for recording the number of reproductions produced for each of said recording members moving through said second processing path; and

means for ejecting said recording member from said second processing path when said specified number of reproductions has been produced.

7. The apparatus according to claim 6 additionally comprising means for moving a recording member ejected from said second processing path to said first processing path.

8. The apparatus according to claim 7 additionally comprising means for moving the ejected recording member through a cleaning station and an erase station as said member is moved from said second to said first processing path.

9. An electrophotographic reproducing apparatus wherein a resilient recording member is passed through a series of process stations for producing and transferring an image for reproduction on a copy sheet comprising:

a plurality of temporary storage means each capable of storing a plurality of said recording members;

a first feeding means for moving a recording member from the first of said temporary storage means through a charge station to the second of said temporary storage means to produce a uniform charge on said recording member;

a second feeding means for moving a recording member from said second storage means through an exposure station to the third of said temporary storage means to produce an electrostatic image on said recording member;

third feeding means for moving a recording member from said third temporary storage means through a developing and a transfer station to produce a reproduction of said image on a copy sheet;

a plurality of recording member position sensing means mounted adjacent to said temporary storage means;

program means for providing a series of signals indicative of operations to be performed on said recording members in said machine; and

electronic control means operable under coincident control of said signals from said program means and said record member position sensing means to generate signals to selectively actuate certain of said feeding means to move said recording members through the selected processing stations to perform the operations specified by said program means.

10. The apparatus according to claim 9 wherein said third feeding means comprises means for simultaneously mounting a plurality of recording members for movement through a continuous processing path.

1 l. The apparatus according to claim 10 additionally comprising means for separately sensing each of said recording members being moved by said third feeding means.

12. The apparatus according to claim 9 wherein said third feeding means comprises a continuously rotatably drum member.

13. The apparatus according to claim 11 additionally comprising:

means for receiving signals from said program means indicating the number of reproductions to be made from each of said recording members;

means for counting the number of reproductions produced from each of said recording members moved by said third feeding means; and

means for ejecting a recording member from said third feeding means when the predetermined number of reproductions has been produced.

14. The apparatus according to claim 13 additionally comprising means for moving said ejected recording member to said first temporary storage means.

15. The apparatus according to 'claim 14 additionally comprising:

a cleaning station; an erase station; and means for moving said ejected recording member through said cleaning station and said erase station when said recording member is being moved to said first temporary storage means. 16. The apparatus according to claim 9 additionally comprising:

timing means for timing the elapsed interval since a recording member has been moved through the charge station by said first feeding means; means responsive to the passage of a predetermined interval, after charging a recording member, to generate a time expired signal; an eject mechanism; and

means responsive to said time expired signal to energize both said second feeding means and said eject mechanism to move said recording member from said second to said first temporary storage means.

17. The apparatus according to claim 9 wherein said recording members comprise:

a resilient photoconductive sheet member;

a top support member extending laterally beyond said sheet member, said top support member being terminated in enlarged end portions.

18. The apparatus according to claim 17 wherein said temporary storage means comprises a pair of rail members, said rail members being spaced so that said enlarged end portions of said sheet support member laterally position the recording member in said temporary storage means. 

1. An electrophotographic reproducing apparatus wherein a plurality of resilient recording members are passed through a series of process stations for producing and transferring an image for reproduction on a copy sheet comprising: a plurality of feeding means and a plurality of processing stations arranged to form a first and a second separate processing path; a plurality of means selectively actuable at each of said processing stations for controlling said feeding means in moving the recording members through said processing stations; a plurality of recording member position sensing means; program means for providing a series of signals indicative of operations to be performed on said recording members in said machine; and electronic control means operable under coincident control of said signals from said program means and said recording member sensing means to generate signals to selectively actuate certain of said controlling means to move said recording members along the selected processing path to perform the operations specified by said program means on said recording members at the selected ones of said processing stations.
 2. The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said first separate processing path includes a charging station and an exposure station and said second separate processing path includes a developing station and a transfer station.
 3. The apparatus according to claim 2 wherein said charging and said exposure operations are performed asynchronously at a first speed and said developing and transfer operations are performed continuously at a second speed which is a substantially greater speed than said first speed.
 4. The apparatus according to claim 2 wherein said recording members are processed through said first processing path one at a time and said recording members are processed concurrently a predetermined number of operations through said second processing path.
 5. An electrophotographic reproducing apparatus wherein a resilient recording member is passed through a series of process stations for producing and transferring an image for reproduction on a copy sheet comprising: a plurality of feeding means and a plurality of processing stations arranged to form a first and a second separate processing path; a plurality of means selectively actuable at each of said processing stations for controlling said feeding means in moving the recording members through said processing stations; a plurality of recording member position sensing means; program means for providing a series of signals indicative of operations to be performed on said recording members in said machine; and electronic control means operable under coincident control of said signals from said program means and said recording member sensing means to generate signals to selectively actuate certain of said controlling means to sequentially move a plurality of said recording members along said first processing path to produce a predetermined electrostatic image to be copied on said recording members; and electronic control means operable under coincident control of said signals from said program means and said recording member sensing means to generate signals to move a plurality of said recording members continuously through said second processing path a plurality of times to produce one copy of said image each time said recording member is moved through said second processing path.
 6. The apparatus according to claim 5 additionally comprising signals from said program means for specifying the number of reproductions to be made of the image produceD on each of said recording members; means for recording the number of reproductions produced for each of said recording members moving through said second processing path; and means for ejecting said recording member from said second processing path when said specified number of reproductions has been produced.
 7. The apparatus according to claim 6 additionally comprising means for moving a recording member ejected from said second processing path to said first processing path.
 8. The apparatus according to claim 7 additionally comprising means for moving the ejected recording member through a cleaning station and an erase station as said member is moved from said second to said first processing path.
 9. An electrophotographic reproducing apparatus wherein a resilient recording member is passed through a series of process stations for producing and transferring an image for reproduction on a copy sheet comprising: a plurality of temporary storage means each capable of storing a plurality of said recording members; a first feeding means for moving a recording member from the first of said temporary storage means through a charge station to the second of said temporary storage means to produce a uniform charge on said recording member; a second feeding means for moving a recording member from said second storage means through an exposure station to the third of said temporary storage means to produce an electrostatic image on said recording member; a third feeding means for moving a recording member from said third temporary storage means through a developing and a transfer station to produce a reproduction of said image on a copy sheet; a plurality of recording member position sensing means mounted adjacent to said temporary storage means; program means for providing a series of signals indicative of operations to be performed on said recording members in said machine; and electronic control means operable under coincident control of said signals from said program means and said record member position sensing means to generate signals to selectively actuate certain of said feeding means to move said recording members through the selected processing stations to perform the operations specified by said program means.
 10. The apparatus according to claim 9 wherein said third feeding means comprises means for simultaneously mounting a plurality of recording members for movement through a continuous processing path.
 11. The apparatus according to claim 10 additionally comprising means for separately sensing each of said recording members being moved by said third feeding means.
 12. The apparatus according to claim 9 wherein said third feeding means comprises a continuously rotatably drum member.
 13. The apparatus according to claim 11 additionally comprising: means for receiving signals from said program means indicating the number of reproductions to be made from each of said recording members; means for counting the number of reproductions produced from each of said recording members moved by said third feeding means; and means for ejecting a recording member from said third feeding means when the predetermined number of reproductions has been produced.
 14. The apparatus according to claim 13 additionally comprising means for moving said ejected recording member to said first temporary storage means.
 15. The apparatus according to claim 14 additionally comprising: a cleaning station; an erase station; and means for moving said ejected recording member through said cleaning station and said erase station when said recording member is being moved to said first temporary storage means.
 16. The apparatus according to claim 9 additionally comprising: timing means for timing the elapsed interval since a recording member has been moved through the charge station by said first feeding means; means responsive to the passage of a predetermined interval, after charging a recoRding member, to generate a time expired signal; an eject mechanism; and means responsive to said time expired signal to energize both said second feeding means and said eject mechanism to move said recording member from said second to said first temporary storage means.
 17. The apparatus according to claim 9 wherein said recording members comprise: a resilient photoconductive sheet member; a top support member extending laterally beyond said sheet member, said top support member being terminated in enlarged end portions.
 18. The apparatus according to claim 17 wherein said temporary storage means comprises a pair of rail members, said rail members being spaced so that said enlarged end portions of said sheet support member laterally position the recording member in said temporary storage means. 